Human Inheritance Essay

Moral problems are continually defying human services experts, which is hard to manage as there is no right arrangement. These are otherwise called moral issues as they are circumstances where there is multiple decisions to settle on and none of the decisions is sure to work and can cause confusions. A case of this would be ‘You are a patient and are too wiped out to even think about speaking for yourself. You are worried about who will settle on clinical choices for your sake, and whether your desires will be followed. You wonder, â€Å"What on the off chance that they differ about what I would need, or what might be best for me? ’. Another case of this would be with the monetary downturn that you will be unable to bear the cost of the assets for food and need to take care of your family yet the main path in doing this is to take or allowed your family to family. These quandaries are outlandish in light of the fact that every individual thinks contrastingly and has an alternate inclination towards it. There are moral problems encompassing IVF and barrenness. Barrenness is a hereditary issue that influences ladies; it isn't the woman’s deficiency. With IVF the NHS just gives every lady one free cycle and after that she needs to support it herself. A moral difficulty with IVF is the conceivable wrong that is done to the fruitless couple or the normal youngster by the doctor. The accomplishment of IVF relies upon the quantity of incipient organisms moved to the woman’s uterus. Since the possibility of endurance of an undeveloped organism in IVF is little the more exchanges made the more prominent the possibility of the lady getting pregnant, it additionally expands the danger of various pregnancies. IVF isn't permitted by the Catholic Church since it isolates the unitive and the procreative parts of marriage. To isolate the unitive and the procreative parts of marriage is a human sin. What's more the sperm benefactor submits a human sin so as to gather the sperm which is required for IVF. Albeit one human life might be made through the IVF procedure, numerous overflow hatchlings, (unborn infants), are decimated through this procedure. Different excess unborn infants are left solidified in the research centers where they were fabricated as if they were not individuals, however just buyer merchandise. They were not made in adoration through the marriage go about as God expects. Different births additionally make risk to the wellbeing and prosperity of the youngster. Untimely birth and low weight when conceived are additionally issues with this, likewise contemplates have been embraced spina bifida is at a higher hazard with kids produced using IVF. Likewise the hormones that are taken by the female so as to become pregnant are consistently in danger of having issues or irregularities to the unborn kid. Aminiocentesis is another moral quandary, during the procedure if variations from the norm are discovered the mother is offered the opportunity to end her pregnancy. The moral issues encompassing amniocentesis are viewed as centring on 4 central focuses. First is the approach of the demonstrative treatment place. Here, 2 inquiries emerge: Is the customer engaged with a high-hazard pregnancy? Also, if a positive conclusion is made, will the parents’ agree to a fetus removal? Second is the job of the hereditary guide, which is viewed as steady as opposed to driving. He should help the imminent guardians in arriving at a choice to experience amniocentesis and conceivable premature birth that is commonly adequate. The imminent guardians, the third point of convergence, may confront the topic of choosing what is ordinary. The customers should likewise understand the awful strains that are put on a marriage into which a seriously flawed youngster has been conceived. The fourth point of convergence is open approach. While amniocentesis may seem to undermine a few qualities held significant in our general public, the creator sees the system as a between time arrangement headed for a comprehension of and capacity to treat hereditary imperfections. Contraception is another moral situation as anti-conception medication works before pregnancy starts, and until the sperm prepares the egg there is nothing that will endure misfortune thus the issue is altogether different from the instance of fetus removal. What's more, since the egg and sperm would stop to exist whether treatment happens or not, they can’t be said to endure misfortune, either. Non-strict contentions about anti-conception medication are in this way concerned distinctly with the privileges of the guardians and with the ramifications for those guardians and for society as a rule. The issue of perhaps slaughtering an individual, and of the privileges of the mother versus the privileges of the baby, which overwhelm the subject of fetus removal, don't emerge. A few people think it’s off-base as it isn't right to meddle with the common request of the universe. Individuals in specific religions likewise consider it to be off-base due to the way that it resembles premature birth as some contraception strategies can work by forestalling the implantation and improvement of a prepared egg. Those contradicted to such techniques say that this adds up to a fetus removal, and that on the off chance that premature birth isn't right, at that point those types of contraception should likewise not be right. http://brendakaren. wordpress. com/2009/04/15/some-good and-moral issues-concerning-ivf-methods/http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/4418247 Contraception!!! http://www. bbc. co. uk/morals/contraception/contraception_abortion. shtml

Music in My Life Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Music in My Life Persuasive Essay Music has been a tremendous piece of my life for a long time, since the time I concluded that I needed to play guitar my first year of secondary school. My companion said he would show me how to play, however he disclosed to me that I ought to tune in to loads of music first. I burrowed through my parents’ CD assortment and pulled out a Green Day collection titled â€Å"American Idiot. † That is the point at which my outrageous love for music was conceived. We never truly began with the guitar exercises, I still haven’t figured out how to play guitar, yet now I am enthusiastic pretty much all music. Each melody is excellent in its own particular manner, since it is a declaration of human feeling. I used to take piano exercises for two or three years, yet I needed to stop since life was occupied, it despite everything is. I can play a couple of good melodies on piano, yet I never truly turned out to be acceptable at playing like my sibling. My sibling is an incredible piano player. I began to show myself guitar toward the start of my senior year in secondary school, however as I said my life has been very frenzied, and I am bad at rehearsing consistently. I joined ensemble toward the start of my senior year also, and that has been one of the most astonishing encounters I have ever experienced. The tunes we sing in ensemble are on the whole extremely wonderful, and something pretty much the entirety of the great, capable voices in the room singing as one sends chills down my spine. I am not very acceptable at understanding music and singing the note directly from the sheet music, be that as it may. I have to hear the notes played on piano to sing it effectively. It additionally takes me some time to peruse the notes and name which note they are and what key the music piece is in. In spite of the fact that I am not very acceptable at understanding music, I am truly adept at tuning in to it. Of course, who isn’t? I appreciate tuning in to a wide range of sorts of music. Music like funk rock gets me into that kind of state of mind where I simply feel better. It’s not a sentiment of bliss, however progressively like a sentiment of having fun at that point. Underground rock can cause me to feel kind of siphoned up and good to go. Old style rock is a music classification that I like to tune in to when I am cheerful, and it keeps me feeling glad as I hear it out. Non mainstream rock for the most part gives me a sentiment of bliss too, yet it’s likewise inspirational to me. It causes me to feel like I can take on the world and defeat my future difficulties. I love tuning in to various sorts of music, since they influence my state of mind from numerous points of view. In some cases they can assist me with feeling much improved and here and there they help me think. This is one of the melodic ideas that I am exceptionally intrigued by. The way that music influences our brains is so amazing to me. I need to figure out how and why music does this. I am taking this course since I need to gain proficiency with the nuts and bolts of music so I can figure out how to play and sing better than I am currently. I need to retain the notes by heart and by ear so I will have a simpler time attempting to sing or play an instrument. I likewise need to gain proficiency with the numerous harmonies, and realize which harmony or harmony mixes will sound great together and make a specific inclination. I have just barely scratched the outside of music now, however I want to learn considerably more about music later on. This class is the initial step to the progression into the field of music.

So what are you majoring in

“So what are you majoring in” A lot of different people have been asking me about my prospective major. And for these gracious inquirers, I have a lot of different answers. For instance: “I’m thinking 18C.” “Leaning towards 8.” “Probably 6-3.” “17 and something else?” *loud sigh* *spontaneous combustion* “Course 3 seems pretty cool.” I guess for most people, it’s not such a hard question. This place certainly has no shortage of learned-calculus-by-second-grade math majors, kids who’ve competed in national olympiads, freshmen and sophomores already taking grad classes. Friends who spend their leisure time reading biology or neuroscience research. More generally, people who know exactly what they’re doing. :’’) Not me. I entered MIT with the vague notion that I would study computer science. Maybe I would even double major, if I was successful enough at the former. I would get a UROP at the Media Lab, help build some software to make people’s lives better, and feel just peachy about my life choices. Several months later, I definitely still want to help people, but I’m not finding it all quite as simple. I signed up for 6.01 in my first semester and went to a few lectures and labs. I didn’t think the material seemed personally appealing, but I hadn’t heard entirely positive reviews about that class anyway, so I figured I would suck it up and power through for the purpose of a prospective 6-3 diploma. My initial attitude was something like, you got this, Michelle. You were Good at Things in high school, remember? You won stuff? Got straight As? Weren’t intimidated by the apparently superior 6.01 abilities of everyone around you? …Yeah? After taking what I felt was a lot more time than I should to complete the first Python psets, I sheepishly asked permission from my advisor to drop the class and take 18.02 instead. I started having thoughts to the effect of “everyone else is already so ahead of me, so maybe I should just study something different.” I’ve since been informed that that’s a misguided conclusion to make, and I like to think that I have a much better attitude now. Regardless, I had opened Pandora’s box of indecisive musings… of “wait a second, there are actually so many majors that I could be more suited for and so many I haven’t considered and I could be any of them and oh my god what the everloving egg am I going to study (!!!?!?!?).” After several months of reading/musing on the topic, I’ve gotten a bit closer to an answer, but the same sort of sentiment still stands. A photo of me from sometime in the Fall. Ever heard of CourseRoad? It’s this beautiful little web site (actually started by blogger Danny B.D.!) that lets you lay out your class schedule years in advance and feed any obsession you might have with your lack of a decided major. My first courseroad wasn’t very creative: My second was a little bit more so: And the 15 or 20 that followed took me all sorts of random places, all of which I seriously considered for at least the time I was making them. It was kind of like I was “trying on” all these different life paths to get a more solid picture of where each of them could take me. A cool artsy Course 4, perhaps? Not really up for all-nighters in studio. Linguistics major? Other research areas excited me more. I had this 21W phase in which I would become an esteemed science journalist and convert disinterested laypeople into STEM enthusiasts, but I figured I write way too slowly and informally to seriously pursue that idea. Chemical Engineering was too rigid and technical, while CMS wasn’t technical enough. At least I’d narrowed it down. Although I still haven’t reached any kind of conclusion about my major, I think I’ve since developed a better idea of my overarching goals. Like I mentioned, I want to help people, and the gist of what I would optimally do is to convert the privilege of a premiere education into the benefit of those less fortunate. What I mean by this “privilege,” more specifically, is that an MIT education affords me opportunities to affect my surroundings in ways I otherwise would have no power to do. That’s what engineers do, right? They fix perceived problems in the world, and I’ve been granted the authority to say “well, this is a problem that deserves attention” and tap into bountiful resources to find a solution. Then “those less fortunate,” loosely, means anyone whose problems don’t seem to be important enough to others to merit that kind of attention. In a moment of grave seriousness, I’ll say it has everything to do with economic inequalities and social hierarchies. It’s a lot of “make the lives of the wealthy more comfortable, since they have money to give in exchange.” It’s dehumanizing subsets of people to the point where you can’t empathize with the difficulties they face, and I think it’s very not okay. I’m trying to be open-minded about courses of study that could potentially fall in line with this philosophy. I’m naturally not very interested in making a fortune with startups, but I’m not necessarily looking to work on third-world water purification, either. I initially thought about joining the Media Lab to help people live with Autism Spectrum Disorders an idea which is still being tossed around. I like stuff involving education for kids, public policy, and using media to effectively propagate ideas. But I’m also more recently considering options to look at these kinds of problems on a larger, more grandiose scale that could lead to grad school and research. Hence 18/18C, 17, 14, and possibly even 8 (Math, Political Science, Economics, and Physics for you guys not hip with the language). I’m getting interested in studying how social organizations and hierarchies arise in the first place, in potentially a technical way. The common existence of hierarchies across every world society suggests that there are principles to govern their propagation, but the fact that some societies have become more “progressive” than others suggests that there are principles to facilitate their dissolution. At the same time, I’ve been trying to acquaint myself with techniques that computer scientists use to model interconnected systems, specifically in computational social or political science. And the personal appeal of mathematics well, I’m not about to lock myself in a hut in the woods and derive theorems for the beauty of it, but I recognize math as a tool to be used in describing quite literally everything, depending on your personal philosophy about the nature of the universe and all that. I’m considering Econ because of the specific flavor of problems that arise from free-enough markets, and for the prospect of figuring out how to solve these without causing even more problems than before. Physics (unfocused option) because although a bit tangential I feel like it’s the most core perspective on how systems can behave under sets of natural laws, and could give valuable insights on how to go forth and study a range of different subjects. Plus, you know, I really like what I know of physics. I’d want to know more, if I can handle it. Then there are the random engineering disciplines for which it’s pretty obvious why they can benefit the world (of which Materials Science is the one I’ve most heavily considered). A lot of these engineers are saving lives on the daily or are otherwise doing amazing things. While I tend to doubt that the process of designing and building is what I’m good at, I would be a very happy person if I were able to make that kind of positive difference. So what am I going to end up actually declaring? The answer is that I currently have no idea, and that you should ask me that again in a few weeks when I have to declare, and then again in a year, because the two answers might well be different. The thing I find most comforting through all of this is that in talking to a range of people, almost everyone seems to have something generally positive to say about their major. Faces light up when you ask about UROPs, and if you’re lucky, you might get the passionate ramblings that end with “sorry, I’m rambling, I’m just really excited about so-and-so.” Don’t be sorry! It’s adorable. And your enthusiasm is great. P.S. I wanted to clarify that I don’t mean to say it’s an objectively superior ideal to study something that overtly benefits others. Why? Because “altruism” is, in my opinion, just the result of people doing things that make themselves feel better, and therefore would logically be no more “noble” than a person studying something that makes them equally satisfied. Fulfilling my goals would make me nothing more than personally happy just why anyone does anything, right? The point of all of this. Hopefully, I might learn a thing or two in the process.

Ethical Issues Raised By Bp - 1237 Words

Introduction Despite decades of efforts to seek for alternative energy sources, fossil oil is still the single most important energy source for human being. However, oil industry brings about many ethical issues such as safety and environmental impact. In this ethics report, we will study one of the world’s leading international oil company – BP, who operates in nearly 80 countries . We will particularly discuss ethical issues raised by BP in oil industry in the United States (US) between 2002 and 2006. The three ethical issues which are going to be discussed are (1) safety issue in workplace depicted by the Texas City explosion in 2005, (2) honesty and fair dealing depicted by both Texas City explosion and Prudhoe Bay A-22 explosion in†¦show more content†¦2. Fluid level indicator in the splitter tower was not calibrated. The indicator showed that the flammable fluid in the splitter tower was at 8.4 feet and the level was still dropping, while in the actual situation the f luid continued to rise to 130 feet . 3. Undersized blowdown drum (a unit to collect overflowed fluid) could not accommodate the overflowing fluid. Eventually, the flammable gasoline spilled to the ground. An ignition source nearby caused the explosion. 4. Undermanned crew as many experienced workers were fired led to only a junior control board operator running three separate units on the accident day . All these three root causes can be attributed to the unscrupulous cost reduction where safety of the employees had been severely compromised. This is clearly an ethical issue. In a press release by US Chemical Safety Board (CSB), it is stated that CSB concluded â€Å"organizational and safety deficiencies at all levels of the BP Corporation had caused the Texas City explosion . Despite repeatedly warning about the risk, BP chose to ignore it and put profit in higher priority than safety . The Texas City explosion could have been avoided with proper maintenance program and sufficient manpower. Honesty and Fair Dealing – Texas City Explosion 2005 Prudhoe Bay A-22 Explosion 2002 After the Texas City explosion, BP fired six employees and put the blames on them. It was argued that the explosion wouldn’t have happened if the six employees did

Similarities and Differences between Reggio Emilia and...

There are many different curriculums that are used in early childhood classrooms. Two curriculums that are used are High Scope and Reggio Emilia. Both of these curriculums have unique aspects that make up their curriculums. In addition, High Scope and Reggio Emilia have similarities and differences. In Ypsilanti, Michigan Dr. David P. Weikard created High Scope in 1970. High Scope does research in a variety of areas. However, they are best known for their research in preschool education and their preschool curriculum approach. High Scope preschool curriculum is used throughout the world and has had an impact on Head Start programs (Morrison, 1976, p. 15). High Scope promotes the developmental domains in their Key Developmental†¦show more content†¦The High Scope curriculum incorporates diversity in its approach. High Scope incorporates diversity through developmentally appropriate approaches, which allow the children to progress at their own rate through the use of learning centers. According to Morrison, High Scope does not focus on the child’s deficits, but instead focuses on social, cognitive, and physical abilities, which are important for every child especially ones with special needs. Teachers in the High Scope approach will identify the developmental level of a special needs child. Then the teachers will provide different experiences that are appropriate for a normal child at their developmental age. For example, if a special needs child is four years old but is developmentally at a two year old level then, the child would use gestures and point with the fingers to express their plans. The teacher would th en immerse the child in activities that provide opportunities to hearing and using language (Morrison, 1976, p. 19-20). High Scope shows multi-cultural respect in their classroom by incorporating materials and experiences that reflect the diversity in the children. In addition, the teachers will help each diverse family to find community services that would be helpful to the family’s individual needs (The High/Scope Preschool Educational Approach: A Prospectus for Pre-Kindergarten Programs, n.d.). InShow MoreRelated Teaching2569 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"positive relationships†. Bruce (2008) resonates with the National strategies (2009) notion that positive relationships are extremely important within the EYFS, High Scope and Reggio Emilia in order to help children reach their full potential. Allen and Whalley (2009) adopt Bruce’s (2008) notion that positive relationships should be built between the children, families and other practitioners in order to create a successful and stimulating environment. It is important for practitioners to talk appropriatelyRead Moredone Unit 064 Context and Principles fo4917 Words   |  20 Pagessome differences in between the way the government of every nation deals with early learning education, there are also some common features: * Partnership and involvement with parents; * Learning through active play; * Need for children to have opportunities for child-initiated and adult-directed activities; * Education programme is to be delivered holistically although divided into areas of learning; * Importance of assessing children’s individual needs. As another difference in between

Menards E-Business Plan - 3782 Words

Fundamentals of e-Business Menards e-Business Plan Company Description Menards is a chain of home improvement stores in the Midwestern United States. Menards sells building materials, hardware, electrical, wall coverings, plumbing, housewares, floor coverings, cabinets, appliances and much more. Menards is a privately held franchise headquartered in Eau Claire, Wisconsin; the company has 252 stores in 12 states: Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota and Wyoming. While the company does not release sales figures, it is believed to be the third largest home center chain in the United States behind The Home Depot and Lowes. The trade publication Home Channel News†¦show more content†¦The two most common reasons customers ask for assistance are for help locating a product or for additional information about a product. If these encounters are negative they will no doubt have an adverse impact on company image and bottom line. (www.jdpower.com) Opportunities that Menards have are they have been revamping its old stores to better compete with its rivals. The company is increasing its average store size to more than 220,000 square feet. It opened its largest store in Minnesota and is expanding from 30 to 40 stores in this region. This is larger than an average Home Depot store, which has 102,000 square feet of space. The company has also built two new distribution centers (Howell, 2004). Expansion and remodeling initiatives would improve the company’s competitive position in the home improvement market. Another opportunity for Menards is their testing of an online store for three special order categories: kitchen and bath; lighting and fans; and window treatments. According to CNN Money, online retail spending is up 4.7% from last year. Furthermore, in 2010 71% of online users are likely to shop over the internet as compared to 65% in 2005. Total retail sales will be largely influenced by the internet. The company’s online store would boost revenue growth. (Ellis, 2010) Menards main threat is their intense competition. The US home improvement industry is aShow MoreRelatedEssay on Lowes and Information Technology Management1748 Words   |  7 Pagespaper is to evaluate the information technology management systems used at Lowe’s. It will look at Porter’s Five Force Model, supply chain management; data base management system, five agent-based technologies, e-commerce and system development lifecycle. Furthermore, it will look at business continuity planning, emerging trends and security vulnerabilities relates to the organization to remain competitive. 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The Role of Husbandry in The Health and Well

The Role of Husbandry in The Health and Well-being of Exotic Animals in Captivity According to the Association of Zoos and Aquariums, animal husbandry is defined as the physiological, biological, psychological and social needs of animals.1 Every zoo that is AZA accredited needs to fulfill these needs correctly for the species and on a regular basis. In the UK, the ‘five freedoms’ are used to determine proper animal husbandry: freedom from injury and disease; freedom from hunger, thirst, and malnutrition; freedom from thermal or physical distress; freedom to express ‘normal’ behaviors; and freedom from fear.4 Other freedoms have been proposed – freedom from boredom and freedom of animal to exert control over it’s quality of life, to name a few – but the five have remained as structure to determine proper animal husbandry.4 Many different employees are needed to fulfill these needs, from animal keepers to curators to veterinarians. Each aspect of animal husbandry, as described by the AZA, will be briefly addressed. We will write a custom essay on The Role of Husbandry in The Health and Well-being of Exotic Animals in Captivity specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Physiological and biological needs are what the animal needs to do in order for its body to function properly. These needs include, but aren’t limited to, breathing, food, water, sleep, excretion and homeostasis. They are the basics for life, and are required for the animal to keep living. In zoo animals, food is a crucial aspect because each animal has a special diet; sometimes, it’s unknown exactly what that diet is because not enough research has been done on that species. Animal keepers notice a problem with the animal by paying attention to the animal’s behavior. Normally, animals that are sick won’t show until there’s advanced disease because if they show they are sick in the wild, they would be easily caught by predators.3 The altered behavior is different for every species, and animal keepers are crucial in noticing the slight differences in their animals.3 Once there’s a behavior change, keepers can notify veterinarians, which will h opefully diagnose and treat the illness (or possible nutritional deficiency) quickly to ensure the animal’s physiological and biological needs are being met. Psychological needs are met when the animal has a healthy well-being. In recent years, research has been done on zoo animals in the area of recognizing cognitive abilities, emotions and feelings.4 Some people think having these views is subjective, sentimental and anthropomorphic, but it has been shown that when psychological needs aren’t met, stress and boredom predominate, which can lead to illness and death.4 When the public sees behavior that they recognize as stress or boredom, the welfare of zoo animals comes into question. To meet these needs, zoos need to understand the psychological needs of each species and individual. As mentioned previously, each species has a specific diet; how this diet is fed may be important for maintaining the psychological needs of a species because of social learning. Naà ¯ve individuals learn specific skills or knowledge from their parents or other group members; this knowledge can be a tradition of a species, and would help us understand how an animal lives in the wild.5 By providing proper psychological needs, scientists can learn more of how an animal behaves and survives in the wild. In addition to feeding, the set-up of the exhibit can provide psychological needs.4 If an animal were normally shy and nocturnal, it would require several hiding places during the day; if an animal lives alone in the wild on rocky terrain, it should have a solitary enclosure that exhibits similar terrain. Recognizing an animal’s individual personality and conforming to adapt to this personality can also meet psychological needs.2 For example, if an animal is normally very curious, giving them new items or toys in their exhibit encourages their well-being. A healthy well-being that includes proper living conditions, recognizing the animal’s personality and preventing boredom or stress is essential to meet the psychological needs of zoo animals. .u3a2a2ee8054c1f253d74ee5075bfd6b0 , .u3a2a2ee8054c1f253d74ee5075bfd6b0 .postImageUrl , .u3a2a2ee8054c1f253d74ee5075bfd6b0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3a2a2ee8054c1f253d74ee5075bfd6b0 , .u3a2a2ee8054c1f253d74ee5075bfd6b0:hover , .u3a2a2ee8054c1f253d74ee5075bfd6b0:visited , .u3a2a2ee8054c1f253d74ee5075bfd6b0:active { border:0!important; } .u3a2a2ee8054c1f253d74ee5075bfd6b0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3a2a2ee8054c1f253d74ee5075bfd6b0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3a2a2ee8054c1f253d74ee5075bfd6b0:active , .u3a2a2ee8054c1f253d74ee5075bfd6b0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3a2a2ee8054c1f253d74ee5075bfd6b0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3a2a2ee8054c1f253d74ee5075bfd6b0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3a2a2ee8054c1f253d74ee5075bfd6b0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3a2a2ee8054c1f253d74ee5075bfd6b0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3a2a2ee8054c1f253d74ee5075bfd6b0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3a2a2ee8054c1f253d74ee5075bfd6b0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3a2a2ee8054c1f253d74ee5075bfd6b0 .u3a2a2ee8054c1f253d74ee5075bfd6b0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3a2a2ee8054c1f253d74ee5075bfd6b0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay about ZoologySocial needs are related to psychological needs because some animals normally exist in groups, herd, packs or colonies, and their well-being is determined by the well-being of the entire group.5 Other animals tend to exist singly or in pairs, so by knowing the social hierarchy of an animal, most of the social, and sometimes psychological, needs can be met. As mentioned previously, some animals need other group members to learn specific behaviors; this is also helpful in the zoo setting when training new animals by having them watch the previous residents perform the desired behavior. 5 By watching another group member perform the behavior, the new animal can learn the behavior faster. Animal husbandry is the maintenance of an animal’s physiological, biological, psychological and social needs to promote quality of life. By ensuring animal husbandry, AZA accredited institutions are able to properly promote conservation and education for the public, and learn more about endangered species. Zoos are critical in promoting conservation so that future generations can experience the wonders of animals. Works Cited 1. Association of Zoos and Aquariums . Silver Spring, MD: The Association; c1997-2009 . Health, Husbandry and Welfare . Available from http://www.aza.org/health-husbandry-and-welfare/ 2. Bergmuller R. Animal Personality and Behavioural Syndromes. In: Kappeler P, editor. Animal Behaviour: Evolution and Mechanisms. Germany: Springer, 2010. p. 587-621. 3. Fowler ME. Behavioral Clues for Detection of Illness in Wild Animals: Models in Camelids and Elephants. In: Miller RE, Fowler ME, editors. Fowler’s Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Current Therapy, volume 6. St Louis: Elsevier; 2008. p. 33-49. 4. Kagan R, Veasey J. Challenges of Zoo Animal Welfare. In: Kleiman DG, Thompson KV, Baer CK, editors. Wild Mammals in Captivity: Principles and Techniques for Zoo Management, 2nd edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010. p. 11-21. 5. van Schaik CP. Social Learning and Culture in Animals. In: Kappeler P, editor. Animal Behaviour: Evolution and Mechanisms. Germany: Springer, 2010. p. 623-53.

Virgin Blue Strategic Competitiveness

Table of Contents Introduction Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness External Environment Internal Environment Business Level Strategies Conclusion Reference List Introduction Strategy is about achieving competitive advantage. A company can achieve this by being different, delivering a unique value addition to the customer and by having a clear and enact-able view of how to position itself uniquely in the industry. This essay uses Virgin Blue as a case study to find out if it has successfully achieved strategic competitiveness in the Australian airline industry. The I/O and the Returns-based models of above average returns are central in classification of external and internal environment elements.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Virgin Blue Strategic Competitiveness specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness Strategic management is the systematic analysi s of the external and internal environment to form a basis of re-evaluating the current management practices with the aim of achieving better alignment of corporate policies and strategic priorities. Strategic competitiveness is achievable when a company formulates strategies that give it an edge over its competitors. The strategy formulated should be rare, that current and potential competitors are unable to duplicate because it is costly, and in that way the firm achieves sustainable competitive advantage. The 21st century competitive landscape is rapidly changing because of technology and uncertainty. This means that managers have to adopt new ways of thinking. Managers have to value flexibility, innovation and speed in responding to existing competitors and new entrants to remain in business. These characteristics may have affected the entry and survival of Virgin Blue into the Australian airline industry. In order to enter the market, Virgin Blue had to introduce low cost and t ake measures to keep the costs low and using imaginative tactics of thinking outside the box to remain innovative. External Environment External environment consists of factors outside the control of the firm that affect the ability to meet customer demands and that face the whole industry. These factors based on resource-based model include political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, and legal. They determine the laws to apply in running business, the economic conditions that the firm will have to operate in, the characteristics of the market, and the technology determines the way the product should be (Millmore, 2007). In the case of Virgin Blue, the economic aspect of external environment can be considered to have crucial importance. The rising fuel costs, increasing operating costs, and increasing terminal costs are some of the economic challenges the Virgin Blue faced as it pursued its low cost services strategy. Additionally due to the economic slowdown in 2008, Virgin Blue recorded a loss of $160 for the financial year 2008-2009. This loss must have had a great influence on how the firm was to be run to survive this period until the economic recovery period in 2010 when Virgin reported a profit of $21.3 million.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Internal Environment Internal environment encompasses elements that are specific to a firm and affect its ability to meet customer. Financial resources, organizational resources, physical resources and technological resources are the tangible elements considered to affect the internal environment of a firm in Resource-based model of above average returns. On the other hand, the intangible elements are human resources, innovation resources, and reputational resources (Michael and Hitt, 2010). Virgin Blue being in the service industry depends more on its intangible resources. The friendly crew has b een known to greet passengers as boys and girls, entertain them with rock music on takeoff and landing, make jokes and read horoscopes in-flight. This good customer relation enhances customer loyalty therefore enabling the firm to attract new customers while retaining the current ones. Financially the firm has been able to cut down costs by the improved scheduling system, self check-in kiosk’s, outsourcing of catering, managing catering wastage, maintenance agreements and a fuel efficiency program (Carnal, 2007). Business Level Strategies Business level strategy is the strategy a firm chooses in order to gain competitive advantage in the market or industry it operates. This is critical when a firm operates in an industry with intense competition like the one Virgin Blue operates in. Managers therefore have to formulate a strategy geared towards creating and implementing a strategy that gives it the competitive advantage over the other players in the industry (Christensen, 200 6). There are five business level strategies; cost leadership, focused cost leadership, differentiation and focused differentiation. Firms make a choice whether to be a cost leader which means it will focus on competing for customers based on the pricing while still being able to report more than average returns. Alternatively, a focused cost leader meaning that it will not only compete in terms of price but also will segment it and market its products to a particular market. On the hand, firms have a can differentiate products. Firms choosing just to differentiate by providing unique characteristics and features do so through high quality advanced technological features and customer service. A firm that differentiates and chooses a market segment to provide goods and services uses focused differentiation (Hanson et al. 2011). Virgin Blue evidently from the national point of view has chosen the cost leadership strategy by delivering services that are of acceptable standards to custo mers at a cost considered lowest among the competitors in the Australian market.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Virgin Blue Strategic Competitiveness specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The firm has cut down costs and trimmed unnecessary ones to achieve its strategy. It has done so by paying its staff less than Qantas, all in-flight meals and entertainment are provided at a cost, outsourcing catering, managing catering wastage and using one type of aircraft. A cost leadership strategy helps a firm survive since it is able to remain profitable even in the face of rivalry, new entrants, suppliers’ power, substitute products, and buyers’ power (Bowles, 2011). Conclusion Virgin Blue has successfully achieved strategic competitive in the 8years it has been in the market. It has been able to survive the economic downturn in 2008-2009 and bounce back to reporting profits a year later in 2010 while still ma intaining its cost leadership strategy. Additionally Virgin has introduced competitive moves that include the introduction of a frequent flier program, a member lounge, and strengthening marketing and code sharing alliances with international airlines and by so doing remaining in the market when other airlines like Ansett went under (Beer, 1999). Reference List Beer, M. (1999). Readings in Human Resource Management. New York: Free Press. Bowles, M. (2011) External Environment. The Institute For Working Futures. Web. Available from:  http://www.marcbowles.com/publications.html   . Carnal, C. (2007) Managing Change in Organizations. Essex: Pearson Education. Christensen, R. (2006) Roadmap to Successful Strategic HR Management. New York: American Management Association.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hanson, D. et al. (2011) Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalisation. Southbank, Victoria: Cengage. Michael A. Hitt, R. D. (2010) Strategic Management: Competitive and Globalization , Concepts. London: Wiley. Millmore, M. (2007) Strategic Human Resource Management: Contemporary Issues. Essex: Pearson Education. This report on Virgin Blue Strategic Competitiveness was written and submitted by user Jayla Rich to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Keep Fit Public Speaking Essay Example

How to Keep Fit Public Speaking Essay Example How to Keep Fit Public Speaking Essay How to Keep Fit Public Speaking Essay if you want a fit body, you have to Stay motivated, If you dont, youll eventually give up. First, The best way to keep fit should be having Exercise. It is a very important part in keep fit. It help you keeps our blood flowing which keeps your heart beating. If you having free time, you also can go in sports or gyms but If you are busy so can’t go to anywhere, you can do exercise in home also, example push up, sit up, bench and jogging is also a major exercise, you should jog at least 1 kilometer to let that fat off. Here a tips for you, If you are overweight, start with something simple like jogging 5 minutes everyday. The next week, go 10 minutes a day. Continue increasing your output until you establish a solid routine. Next, you should give your body fuel. As you become more active, youll need more food, but not just any food- you need healthy, energy-laden food thatll jump-start the next phase of your day, not weigh it down. Learn how to eat healthfully and drink more water. Normally should drink 8 to 10 glasses of water each day. And remember that you really need to avoid unhealthy snacks. Finally, you have to let your body rest enough. When youre giving your body a run for its money with varied physical activities, you also need to let it recover and renew by getting a sufficient amount of sleep. Determine how many hours of sleep you need in order to feel refreshed in the morning, then discipline yourself to wake up and go to bed at the same times on a daily basis. In conclusion, a Healthy body is very important for us, so that we have to keep our body fit so we can say goodbye to doctor and hospital. I hope you all can get some useful ways to keep body fit from my speech today. Thank you for lending your ears.

Liberal Democracy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Liberal Democracy - Coursework Example Statutory laws and controlled institutions are relied upon to guarantee the liberal and constitutional rights of the citizens (Kukathas 2004, p. 45). According to Held (2006, p.73), liberal democracy is well supported by the political theory of pluralism, which allows individuals and groups reach for their interests in the political process, hence, decisions are arrived at through compromise to accommodate the interests of all stakeholders and interest groups. One of the main elements of a liberal democracy is the constitution. The constitution in liberal democracies starts with the assumption of sovereignty, vesting the ultimate power in the people. The democracy presupposes that people can control their destiny and that they make moral judgments and practical decisions in their daily lives (Wallace 2007 pg. 7). It requires a decision-making system based on majority rule, with the protection of minority rights; seeks to protect in  judgments while controlling the majority (majoritarianism) by trying to face out the practice of majority rule (Dunn 1994, pg 11). The constitutions of liberal democracies mostly uphold the four main concepts of democratic creed namely: individualism, liberty, equality and fraternity. Individualism states that the prime objective of democratic government is to protect citizens so that each individual in the state can achieve the highest level of personal development (Marlman 2009, pg13). Liberty is in essence allowing individuals the highest degree of freedom that is consistent with order and natural justice. Equality states and maintains that all people are equal in creation have equal opportunities and rights (Mueller 2007, p.41).  

The Importance and Challenges of European Ministries of Foreign Research Paper

The Importance and Challenges of European Ministries of Foreign Affairs - Research Paper Example This brings the aspect on which continents diplomacy is very important. The Ministries of Foreign Affairs of the countries in Europe are viewed as very important and this means that these ministries have an uphill task in their diplomacy towards other countries in the world. This has led to the fact that the European continent has faced many challenges and they are still increasing as the world is undergoing through various changes. There are many aspects under which the challenges are increasing and this calls for more efficient diplomacy tactics to be adopted by entire Europe. It is important to note that Europe is viewed as a motivator for developing countries and this means that it is in a very tricky position and the continent’s foreign policy will need to address some issues that have been rising in recent years around the world. This is the art and practice of accomplishing negotiations and it is done by representatives of an entity, most notably states or groups. It is used mainly in reference to international diplomacy which is concerned with international relations between different countries of the world. One of the key factors of diplomacy is the intercession of professionally trained diplomats who negotiate such aspects as trade, economics, peace-making, war, and culture. In regards to international treaties, diplomats are involved in the negotiations while the politicians of a nation will endorse the treaty. Diplomacy cannot be limited to formal sense and hence in an informal sense or a social sense, diplomacy is seen as the application of tact in order to have an advantage which is deemed advantageous to a group or to somebody. It can also be seen as a means by which different groups come to an agreeable solution to a common problem (Berringe, 2005). There is a notable difference between the real world diplomacy and the intellectual university debates since in a university debate, an argument is decided upon the merits  that the arguments have and the negotiators can split the difference to come to a deal.

Are Same Sex Sexual Relationships Morally Permissible?

Are Same Sex Sexual Relationships Morally Permissible? Homosexuality has been for much of recorded human history a controversial topic, and has become even more so with the advent of religion. Most, if not all religious systems vehemently oppose homosexuality, so far as to condemn homosexuals to everlasting torture in the fires of hell. However, judging the immorality of a deed simply by referring to divine sources is fallacious; it runs contrary to established modern intellectual systems of determining what actions are right and what actions are wrong. In the twentieth century world, reason and well thought out and expressed arguments alone dictate the moral standing of deeds, and any other decision for that matter. The most appropriate method of arguing for or against an ethical issue in the context of its applicability to society is to test it against well-established moral/ethical theories and see how it stacks up. Thus, in this paper I shall argue that homosexuality doesnt contradict the major ethical theories, namely Utilitarianism , Kantian ethics (deontological perspective) followed by a rebuttal of some common arguments against homosexuality. Utilitarianism is a fundamentally consequentialist position, claiming that actions should be judged by their consequences, specifically the level of general happiness they bring about. Hence, in accordance with utilitarianism, one should evaluate the level of general happiness an action brings about versus the amount of pain/suffering it causes. All actions that increase the level of general happiness are morally permissible, and actions that bring about suffering are morally not permissible. To discuss homosexuality on utilitarian grounds, we must therefore first and foremost decide on its consequentialist standing i.e. where it stands on the utilitarian meter of increasing happiness and decreasing pain vs. increasing pain and decreasing pleasure. People who feel that that is what pleases them practice homosexuality. They do so out of personal choice and after much self-deliberation. In fact, since heterosexuality is the norm, converting to homosexuality would be akin to being a mas ochist, i.e. choosing to indulge in that which causes us displeasure in addition to having to face heavy opposition from relatives and society, and those types of homosexuals are beyond the scope of my paper. Hence, if you choose to accept that no individual who prefers a heterosexual lifestyle would adopt a homosexual one, then you agree that those who chose a homosexual lifestyle do so because it is what pleases them. Thus, homosexuality brings about pleasure to homosexuals, and so long as these homosexuals do not attempt to impose their homosexuality on heterosexuals (by harassing or raping them), then the heterosexual population has no right to claim that homosexuality causes them displeasure. For them to claim so, the only means by which homosexuality would have caused them displeasure is by disgusting them i.e. it is distasteful to their senses (since obviously it is not displeasuring them directly, it can only do so then indirectly by being distasteful). Such an argument woul d be fallacious and of the form: P1) All disgusting actions are immoral. P2) Homosexuality is disgusting. C) Homosexuality is immoral. While this argument is valid, it is unsound since the first premise is false. Not all disgusting actions are immoral. For example, collecting the trash is disgusting, does that make it immoral? Homosexuality does not cause any pain or displeasure. Stigmatizing homosexuality on the grounds that it is disgusting is faulty as we argued above. (Common arguments such as homosexual rapists harm children and other victims, homosexuality brings about STDs and so on are irrelevant since they apply to heterosexual acts in the same way they apply to homosexual actions.) Thus, homosexuality does not, and for that matter cannot, harm homosexuals. All it can do is bring pleasure to the people who willfully practice it (because it is what brings them pleasure). On utilitarian grounds, homosexuality increases pleasure (although for a specific part of the population) and does not cause any displeasure or pain. It satisfies the criteria for a moral act as outlined by the Utilitarian ethical system. Kantian ethics is a moral philosophy that is not a consequentialist one. It judges acts not by what their consequences are, but by how they hold under certain imperatives, and maintain the rational and free nature of humans. The principle of universizablity commits us to acting only on those maxims that do not lead to a self-contradictory maxim, and also, when universalized do not undermine the point of the action (class slides.) To test homosexuality against the categorical imperative we begin by formulating our maxim. Note that a common misconception is to formulate the maxim Practice homosexuality or some form of that. This is incorrect as this paper does not seek to argue that all people should be homosexuals, but rather that people that are homosexual are justified in acting homosexually. Let us suppose our maxim is Practice whichever sexual acts that bring you pleasure. Upon consideration, we see that this maxim brings about pleasure to whoever abides by it. Next we generalize this principle to a universal law and see its consequences. Assume a world where people practice whichever sexual acts please them, of course, without imposing their sexual desires on others. Such a world would be very similar to the world in which we live in, which is remarkably pleasant to live in as opposed to one that is a very morally tight society. Moreover, we note that such a maxim, when generalized does not lead to a contradictory world. Furthermore, as we shall see next, homosexuality holds under scrutiny by the principle of humanity. The principle of humanity defines a rightful or moral deed as one that does not use any other person as a mere means, but as an end in themselves. As discussed above, homosexual people choose homosexual acts because it brings them pleasure. Thus, when homosexual people indulge in homosexual activities as consenting adults, they both choose to do so. Since they both chose to indulge in this, and so long as theyre both content with this, then n either is using the other as a mere means, but as an end in themselves. To argue otherwise would be similar to arguing against other heterosexual acts. Other cases where the people do not consent to indulging in the sex are similar to cases of heterosexual people who do not consent to the sex they are having. Finally, we shall consider some common arguments against homosexuality and offer possible response to them in the context of the Utilitarian and Kantian moral theories. To begin with we shall consider the unnaturalness argument and its derivatives. A commonplace argument against homosexuality is that it is a misuse of the bodys organs. Such an argument violates the categorical imperative. To show this, let us attempt to generalize it into a universal law. We begin by formulating a maxim That action which violates the principal use of an organ is immoral. After generalizing this into a universal law, we run into a contradiction, as this yields a world we cannot live in. Consider for example applying this rule to any other body organ. The mouth is primarily for eating, and thus any other action apart from eating is immoral, and hence kissing, speaking, breathing from your mouth and so on would all become immoral. Thus the argument that homosexuality is immoral because it violates the p rincipal use of an organ is not applicable since it violates the categorical imperative. Furthermore, if the misuse of the reproductive organs is immoral because it doesnt lead to procreation, where does that place religious figures that take vows of celibacy? The nonuse of an organ is just as immoral as the misuse of one, since the immorality is based on its failure to result in reproduction. Moreover, another derivative of the unnaturalness of homosexuality argument is that homosexuality is unnatural in that it is not found in nature, i.e. animals do not practice homosexuality. First and foremost, the premise on which this argument rests is invalid, as studies have shown that there are certain animals that practice homosexuality. Moreover, basing our moral standards on the practices of animals is an incredibly fragile argument as one can easily observe that many of human practices are not practiced by animals, such as brushing our teeth, showering and so on. In addition, many prop onents of homosexuality argue that labeling homosexuality as not immoral would lead to the extinction of the human race. This argument is a gross exaggeration. An argument of the form P1) Homosexuals cannot reproduce. P2) If homosexuality were deemed not immoral then many people would become homosexual. C) The human race will eventually become extinct. Such an argument is invalid, and unsound as the second premise is faulty. If homosexuality were not to be frowned upon it does not follow that many people would become homosexuals. No heterosexual person would willfully choose to become a homosexual simply because it is not immoral to do so. This is because one chooses to indulge in homosexuality because it is a sexual preference. Moreover, while not a fundamental argument against the extinction of the human race argument, it would be thoughtful to consider whether a decrease in the rate of human reproduction would not actually be beneficial to the human society given the problems of overpopulation that we suffer from now. In conclusion, homosexuality cannot be deemed immoral as it holds under scrutiny by the major ethical systems: Utilitarianism and Kantian ethics. It increases the happiness of the homosexual community without causing any pain or displeasure to the heterosexual community. This of course is contingent upon the homosexual people not imposing their sexuality on others i.e. rape or harassment. It should be duly noted that even if some homosexuals raped or harassed other individuals, be him/her a homosexual or a heterosexual, this cannot be an argument against homosexuality per se as heterosexuals also rape and harass other heterosexuals. Moreover, it satisfies the categorical imperative in addition to the principle of humanity by not using anyone as a mere means. Homosexuals should not be discriminated against, as their sexual preference is their own personal choice, and solely their business. Given our rights to freedom of choice that we so proudly advocate and vehemently defend, we shou ld extend this right to include the freedom of sexual preference. Sherwood Anderson’s Winesburg, Ohio: Themes and Effects Sherwood Anderson’s Winesburg, Ohio: Themes and Effects Title: Discuss the implications of Sherwood Anderson’s introduction to Winesburg, Ohio: ‘The Book of the Grotesque’. Sherwood Anderson’s post-war ‘novel’ of America in microcosm, Winesburg, Ohio, was first published in 1919. Undoubtedly, the timing of the collection of linked stories all set in Anderson’s fictional ‘Winesburg’ (like Hardy’s Wessex) influenced the critical approbation it received. It represents a dislocated people torn and shattered by war: a ‘wasteland’ such as T.S. Eliot had created in his 1922 poem of that name. Like Joyce’s Dubliners (1914) the sequence of tales is connected by major themes which Anderson sees as either representative of, or a threat to, modern life. He creates a presence from an absence, a connected representative vision from a fragmented centre. Most of the themes, and their implications, on which Anderson focuses are revealed in the introductory story to the collection, ‘The Book of the Grotesque’ which was the original title of the collection. The fact that Anderson wanted to pla ce such emphasis on the ‘grotesque’ is of primary importance when attempting to locate the author’s themes and their implications. For Anderson, like the writer in the first story, ‘salvation’ from immersion into the grotesque comes not merely from the experience of moments of vision but also from the ability to incorporate them within life in order to re-vitalise it. Strikingly, theme and method interweave to create the consciousness of the visionary or surreal within the recognition of the espoused impossibility of completion. Anderson was determined that the real and the imagined should remain separate forces but also that both should maintain importance. Again, like the writer in his tale, he is constantly reminded of the intrusion upon each ‘world’ by the other and the implications of this: The distinction that he is making [†¦] is not between truth and lie, or between fiction and nonfiction, but between separate spheres of reality. Fancy for Anderson suggests imaginative and compassionate understanding of the beauty within the most grotesque of human actions.[1] The writer in the tale might survive becoming a ‘grotesque’ but he also fails to complete his writing and the immense implication of this is that even when the ‘grotesque’ is avoided, it appears inevitable that the intrusions of reality cause humanity’s plans to fail just as they are continuously altered by social, historical and political events. In a country so recently ravaged by war and about to undergo radical social upheaval, the implications of this are clear. Anderson chooses to make this implicit connection by citing the example of a man whose plans to have a carpenter alter his bed irrevocably change his life: The writer, an old man with a white mustache, had some difficulty in getting into bed. The windows of the house in which he lived were high and he wanted to look at the trees when he awoke in the morning. A carpenter came to fix the bed so that it would be on a level with the window. (p. 1). The full importance of this opening statement, with its beautifully simple syntax, does not strike the reader until much later in the story, perhaps not even until the completion of the reading of the stories as a whole. With the benefit of hindsight, the reader sees that Anderson’s theme is manifest from the first: the ‘old man’, physically impeded, desires to see further, to see ‘the trees when he awoke in the morning’, yet, what the subliminal reading invokes is that the desire to see beyond what we realise is not always present in our intentions; indeed, we may not even be aware of them. The ‘awakening’ comes not with the ‘morning’ but with the recognition of the interiorisation of longings influencing the human directive but being constantly obscured. Thus, though the ‘carpenter’ does indeed come to ‘fix the bed’ he does a lot more besides, in which the old man plays no directive part: ‘fo r a time the two men talked of the raising of the bed and then they talked of other things’ (p. 1). The ‘other things’, are what initiate the directive of the tale, as, Anderson seems to imply, they do with life, serendipity playing more of a role than we realize in our lives: Sherwood Anderson [†¦] was and still is a man of his times. His life and his career are a pictorial history of the unique mood of the modern America which produced them and made them possible.[2]. We are told that the carpenter ‘had been a soldier in the Civil War’ (p. 1) and this immediately gifts the narrative with a textual historicity which deepens its resonance (the Civil War is also referred to in another of the tales, ‘Godliness’: Part 1). Many of Anderson’s readers, after all, were within living memory of the war that split the American nation and again, its profound recognition of the nature of war, so fresh in the minds of those of the post World War era, to inflict pain beyond the immediate is recognized as significant: The carpenter had once been a prisoner in Andersonville prison and had lost a brother. The brother had died of starvation, and whenever the carpenter got upon that subject he cried. (p. 1) Again, the simplicity inestimably aids the poignancy of the telling; Anderson has no need to dwell upon the melancholy, it is self-evident. Moreover, the idea that the ‘ordinary man’, which the carpenter represents, has personal experience of the pain of loss in a past which continues to intrude upon the present; he cannot escape. Although Anderson states clearly that ‘the weeping old man with the cigar in his mouth was ludicrous’ (p. 2), avoiding the faux sentimentality of other contemporary writers, nevertheless, the writer’s plans are widely changed by him and the carpenter alters the bed ‘his own way’ (p. 2). The implication is not just that our plans are changed by present and future events but also that the past is never merely a memory but a constantly present inhabitant of life, a ‘reality’ beyond our reach to restrict or deny, and ‘stamped upon much of our contemporary fiction’[3]. Anderson has already l aid the foundation of the interchanging but ostensibly rigid boundaries of the actual and the imagined which are to cause perpetual interplay within the stories and in some sense all the characters and events are connected with himself: Sherwood Anderson is to be grouped among the most subjective of writers. He has created heroes with many different names; but each of them is the same man a projection in one direction or another of Anderson himself.[4]. Anderson begins now to build on these implications by obscuring life’s most basic and fearful boundary, death, by means of the old man’s imaginative sensibility. The carpenter has been instrumental in this, since he has brought into the narrative a death that is real, remembered and imagined; his memory is the conduit for this mutation of time and of feeling. The irony is that the author is haunted by death, yet: ‘ It did not alarm him’ (p.2 ). Death is inverted as a presence which revitalises the old man as ‘a special thing and not easily explained’ (p.2). Moreover, ‘something inside him was altogether young’ (p.2) and extraordinarily that ‘something’ is a ‘woman, young’. Anderson writes of this as like a pregnancy but what he gives birth to is an idea of the ‘grotesques’ of his previous life and relationships. Significantly, the writer switches subtly to address the reader more directly here, emphasising the idea that: It is absurd, you see, to try to tell what was inside the old writer as he lay on his high bed and listened to the fluttering of his heart. The thing to get at is what the writer, or the young thing within the writer, was thinking about. (p. 2) The ambivalent sexuality of the image is one of many which disturbed careful readers of the time, ‘back in 1919 the book was talked about only in whispers’[5].. Yet, its implications for authorship are important since an author is perpetually ‘giving birth’ and the idea of being both mother and father of his creations informs not just the sexual imagery of this story but also of others in the sequence, such as ‘Hands’ where the protagonist is accused of molestation: ‘Anderson sensed a mystery in human sexuality that defies an easy reduction’[6]. This represents a significant challenge to contemporary social attitudes towards sexuality, as women were accorded status principally allied to that of their male partners and sexual preferences were predisposed indisputably towards the heterosexual. As is typical of Anderson, he refuses to adopt or adhere to the rigidity of a society so recently war-torn and about to undergo a momentous per iod in its history from which it would not emerged unscathed or unchanged. By anticipating and pre-empting these changes, Anderson places his writing ahead of its time both in style and socio-political context. The old man in the tale now proceeds to invite into his consciousness the images of past passions, a theme he also alludes to in another of the stories, ‘Mother’. The reader is told that the old man has known people ‘in a peculiar intimate way [†¦] different from the way in which you and I know people’ (p. 3) and subsequently that ‘the writer had a dream that was not a dream’ (p. 3): this dream is the key to the subliminal implications of the tale as it is the precursor of the writing which does and does not take place: You see the interest in all this lies in the figures that went before the eyes of the writer. They were all grotesques. All of the men and women the writer had ever known had become grotesques. (p. 3). The introduction of the ‘grotesques’, not ‘all horrible’, is a pivotal moment in the tale, just as all the grotesques’ lives will be turned by such a moment in time, and the old man/writer’s perception of this is, like the reactions of the grotesques, crucial in their lives. In many ways, it is less significant that the book is not published than that it has been ‘seen’ by the author, who is gripped by ‘one central thought that is very strange and has always remained with [him]’, facilitating, we are encouraged to believe, the writing of his own book: The old man had listed hundreds of the truths in his book. I will not try to tell you of all of them. There was the truth of virginity and the truth of passion, the truth of wealth and of poverty, of thrift and of profligacy, of carelessness and abandon. Hundreds and hundreds were the truths and they were all beautiful. (p. 4) Hence, the imagined and the real feed one another but remain separate, for ‘truths’ are not the same as facts and ‘it was the truths that made the people grotesques’ (p. 5). Moreover, Anderson lays bare, here, the principal informatives of his sequence: The old man had quite an elaborate theory concerning the matter. It was his notion that the moment one of the people took one of the truths to himself, called it his truth, and tried to live his life by it, he became a grotesque and the truth he embraced became a falsehood. (p. 5) Anderson concludes his tale by making brief reference to the carpenter, one of ‘what are called the very common people’ (p. 5) yet contradicting this description by making him extraordinary as ‘the nearest thing to what is understandable and lovable of all the grotesques in the writers book’. (p. 5) Certainly, Sherwood Anderson’s Winesburg, Ohio set in ‘the critical decade which followed the world war’[7] can be seen as a groundbreaking novel, both in structure and content and ‘the failure of [Anderson’s] heterosexual relationships has often been cited as the reason for the â€Å"grotesque† nature of several of Winesburgs inhabitants’[8]. The stories confront issues that were to inform American writing and the socio-political post-war infrastructure as well as the realization of Modernist and post-Modernist fiction. A writer ahead of his time, Anderson is clearly shaped by the era in which he lived and was thus representative of the past, present and future as is the sequence of stories in his seminal ‘novel’ of ‘the troubled lives of the small-town individuals’[9]. Sources [1]  Adams, Timothy Dow, Telling Lies in Modern American Autobiography, (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1990), p. 44. [2]  Hatcher, Harlan, Creating the Modern American Novel, (New York: Hatcher, Farrar Rinehart, 1935), P. 155. [3] Hatcher, Harlan, Creating the Modern American Novel, (New York: Hatcher, Farrar Rinehart, 1935), P. 157. [4]  Loggins, Vernon, I Hear America : Literature in the United States since 1900, (New York: Biblo and Tannen, 1967), p. 151. [5]  Loggins, Vernon, I Hear America : Literature in the United States since 1900, (New York: Biblo and Tannen, 1967), p. 157. [6] Ellis, James, ‘Sherwood Andersons Fear of Sexuality: Horses, Men, and Homosexuality’, Studies in Short Fiction, Vol. 30, 1993 (Michigan: Gale Group). [7] Van Doren, Carl, The American Novel, 1789-1939, (New York: Macmillan, 1940), p. 334. [8] Whalan, Mark, ‘Dreams of Manhood: Narrative, Gender, and History in Winesburg, Ohio’, Studies in American Fiction, Vol 30, 2002 (Boston: Northeastern University). [9] Thomas, F. Richard, Literary Admirers of Alfred Stieglitz, (Carbondale, IL.: Southern Illinois University Press, 1983), p. 65. Bibliography: Adams, Timothy Dow, Telling Lies in Modern American Autobiography, (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1990). Anderson, Sherwood, Winesburg, Ohio: A Group of Tales of Ohio Small-Town Life, (New York: Modern Library, 1919). Angoff, Allan, American Writing Today: Its Independence and Vigor, (New York: New York University Press, 1957). Bryer, Jackson R., Sixteen Modern American Authors: A Survey of Research and Criticism, (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1974). Elliott, Emery, ed., The Columbia History of the American Novel, (New York: Columbia University Press, 1991). Ellis, James, ‘Sherwood Andersons Fear of Sexuality: Horses, Men, and Homosexuality’, Studies in Short Fiction, Vol. 30, 1993 (Michigan: Gale Group). Fiedler, Leslie A., Love and Death in the American Novel, (Stein and Day, 1966). Fisher, Philip, Hard Facts: Setting and Form in the American Novel, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987). Hatcher, Harlan, Creating the Modern American Novel, (New York: Hatcher, Farrar Rinehart, 1935). Loggins, Vernon, I Hear America : Literature in the United States since 1900, (New York: Biblo and Tannen, 1967). Noe, Marcia, ed., Exploring the Midwestern Literary Imagination: Essays in Honor of David D. Anderson, (Troy, N.Y.: Whitston Publishing Company, 1993). Thomas, F. Richard, Literary Admirers of Alfred Stieglitz, (Carbondale, IL.: Southern Illinois University Press, 1983). Wagenknecht, Edward, Cavalcade of the American Novel: From the Birth of the Nation to the Middle of the Twentieth Century, (New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1952). Whalan, Mark, ‘Dreams of Manhood: Narrative, Gender, and History in Winesburg, Ohio, Studies in American Fiction, Vol 30, 2002 (Boston: Northeastern University). Van Doren, Carl, The American Novel, 1789-1939, (New York: Macmillan, 1940).

Economies of North and South During American Civil War Essay -- Histor

The economies of the North and South were vastly different leading up to the Civil War. Money was equivalent to power in both regions. For the North, the economy was based on industry as they were more modern and self-aware. They realized that industrialization was progress and it could help rid the country of slave labor as it was wrong. The North’s population had a class system but citizens could move within the system, provided they made the money that would allow them to move up in class. The class system was not as rigid as it was in the South. By comparison, the South wanted to hold on to its economic policy. In doing so, the practice of slavery kept the social order firmly in place. The economic factors, social issues and a growing animosity between the two regions helped to induce the Civil War. The population of the North consisted of forward thinking individuals. They realized that a change had to be made from agriculture to industry if they were to prosper and for them to use free labor to accomplish prosperity would be to take a step backwards. This ushered in an small and early Industrial Revolution. Factories and mills that produced finished goods sprung up all over the Northern United States along major waterways. These factories produced fabric, iron, machinery, weapons. Raw materials such as cotton was bought from the South and then sold back to them in the form of clothes. Iron workers made iron railroad ties for the growing railroads across the country. More machinery was being built than ever before. These machines were able to multiply the work that could be accomplished. These industries drew in people from rural areas because they were paying for work. As more people came, they settled around the factori... ....com the largest and most complete history site on the web. Retrieved November 12, 2010, from http://www.historycentral.com/CivilWar/AMERICA/Economics.html Kelly, M. (n.d.). Overview of the American Civil War . American History From About. Retrieved November 14, 2010, from http://americanhistory.about.com/od/civilwarmenu/a/civiloverview.htm London, B. (n.d.). A Changing Economy. Georgia and the American Experience. Retrieved November 15, 2010, from www.mystatehistory.com/georgia/ga_05/ch_6_3.pdf London, B. (n.d.). Henry Grady: The South's Best Salesman. Georgia and the American Experience. Retrieved November 16, 2010, from www.mystatehistory.com/georgia/ga_05/ch_9_4.pdf Tariff - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary. (n.d.). Merriam-Webster Online. Retrieved November 14, 2010, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tariff Economies of North and South During American Civil War Essay -- Histor The economies of the North and South were vastly different leading up to the Civil War. Money was equivalent to power in both regions. For the North, the economy was based on industry as they were more modern and self-aware. They realized that industrialization was progress and it could help rid the country of slave labor as it was wrong. The North’s population had a class system but citizens could move within the system, provided they made the money that would allow them to move up in class. The class system was not as rigid as it was in the South. By comparison, the South wanted to hold on to its economic policy. In doing so, the practice of slavery kept the social order firmly in place. The economic factors, social issues and a growing animosity between the two regions helped to induce the Civil War. The population of the North consisted of forward thinking individuals. They realized that a change had to be made from agriculture to industry if they were to prosper and for them to use free labor to accomplish prosperity would be to take a step backwards. This ushered in an small and early Industrial Revolution. Factories and mills that produced finished goods sprung up all over the Northern United States along major waterways. These factories produced fabric, iron, machinery, weapons. Raw materials such as cotton was bought from the South and then sold back to them in the form of clothes. Iron workers made iron railroad ties for the growing railroads across the country. More machinery was being built than ever before. These machines were able to multiply the work that could be accomplished. These industries drew in people from rural areas because they were paying for work. As more people came, they settled around the factori... ....com the largest and most complete history site on the web. Retrieved November 12, 2010, from http://www.historycentral.com/CivilWar/AMERICA/Economics.html Kelly, M. (n.d.). Overview of the American Civil War . American History From About. Retrieved November 14, 2010, from http://americanhistory.about.com/od/civilwarmenu/a/civiloverview.htm London, B. (n.d.). A Changing Economy. Georgia and the American Experience. Retrieved November 15, 2010, from www.mystatehistory.com/georgia/ga_05/ch_6_3.pdf London, B. (n.d.). Henry Grady: The South's Best Salesman. Georgia and the American Experience. Retrieved November 16, 2010, from www.mystatehistory.com/georgia/ga_05/ch_9_4.pdf Tariff - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary. (n.d.). Merriam-Webster Online. Retrieved November 14, 2010, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tariff

Research Aims and Objectives

The following research for consumer preference regarding the choice for a particular Bank in the United Kingdom is done with the aim to analyze the consumer mindset and preference when they make a choice for something so essential like a Bank to whom they handover their hard earned money to. The aim of the research is to determine what consumers want and what the usually preferable features in the Bank are. In order to do so, a sample of the population would be analyzed who would be representing the entire population.The objective of this particular research to identify the consumer demands and their preferable features would be the understanding of consumer psyche in order to be in a better position to be able to provide them with what they require. However, this would be the prime objective but the secondary objectives would be to discover the hidden factors that mostly people tend to forget while devising a Bank or its strategies. This research would also enable the person formula ting the strategy to have an insight to what consumer wants and requires of their efforts and endeavors.Apart from that, it is essential to conduct a research for what consumer wants rather than assuming their requirements and demands. This research would enable to actually find out that which strategies are to be continued by the Bank in the future while which strategies are meant for amendments or complete eradication. Not only banks, but any products or services that are highly dependent on consumer demand and preferences need to analyze their demands and choices before entering in the area to serve them.Hence, the primary Aim of the research is to determine the expectations and requirements of a customer from the place it entrusts its finances into. The objective is to make use of the research and make the result of the research the motive of existence. Rationale of the Research The rationale or the purpose of the research is to make sure that the consumers are receiving what th ey expect and require of the Banking services. It is to ensure that the current strategies adopted by the Banks in United Kingdom are appropriate or not. There are many sectors in which the Banking Industry of the United Kingdom is divided.The purpose of the research is to analyze the different customer present in each sector and the reason of their preference for a particular sector. The sectors for Banking Industry are Independent British Banks, British Banking Brands owned by British Companies, British Banking Brands owned by Foreign Companies, Foreign Banks in the United Kingdom and External Links. The Independent Banks in United Kingdom include HSBC, Royal Bank of Scotland, Barclays Bank, HBOS, Lloyds TSB, Standard Chartered, Alliance and Leicester, Northern Rock, Cooperative Bank and Bradford and Bingley.The amount of independent Banks is few in the United Kingdom as compared to other countries. The research would also enable us to understand as to whether consumers want more independent banks or not. Quite a lot of foreign banks are present in the United Kingdom as well which are ING Direct, Citibank and Bank of Cyprus. This research would also enable in understanding the reason of the presence of such humungous amount of foreign banks in the country.In London, there is an investment and commercial branch of almost every big Bank in the world. Hence, the purpose along with determining the consumer preference and demand is to determine the purpose of the existence of different sectors and the consumer’s take on these different sectors. The research conducted would help in dividing the preference according to the sector under review which would make it easier for the Banks in different sectors to extract knowledge of their requirement. Theoretical UnderpinningSeveral theories were evaluated to determine which would be best to analyze consumer behavior and their reason to choose a particular Bank for their transactions and activities. The major cate gory which it was divided into was ‘Qualitative research’ as it had to do with consumer preferences and hence could not be quantified into any numbers. It would deal with qualitative data like questionnaires, Focus Group and In-depth Interviews. However under Qualitative research is further divided into three more types which include Positivists, Interpretive and Critical.The positivists takes the society at its face value and assumes that everything portrayed is for real and true, the interpretive assumes that the situation changes and so does human behavior as per the situation while on the contrary the critical approach takes a critical perspective on the society and everything present in the social reality is historically present and created by human minds so nothing is for real but a creation of people’s mind. The method that would be taken use of in this research would be the ‘Interpretive Research’ because it takes the most reasonable and rati onal approach to the data available in the social reality.As the primary data collected in a qualitative research is highly subject to personal views, therefore it is very important to take a rational approach on the analysis of data and its interpretation. For this kind of research theory, the most important aspect is the interpretation of the collected data as it is difficult to analyze the in-depth interviews and focus groups because of the presence of no right and wrong in the approach as it is highly dependent on human views and method of interpretation. Hence, the theoretical approach used is ‘Interpretive Qualitative Research Methodology’.Methodology Research Approach The research would be highly dependent on the data collected via primary as well as secondary sources. Since, the entire research is to determine human psyche and preferences therefore nothing can be assumed and neither is anything pre-determined. The data however would be achieved through primary s ources via Focus Groups, In-depth Interviews, Questionnaire and Surveys as well secondary sources such as Internet sources, Journals, Articles, Past Researches, Magazines, and Books etc.The theory that is used as a methodology is as defined the Qualitative Interpretive method as the data received would be either the feedback from the customers or the secondary published resources. The data interpretation is where the methodology or the theory of the research would be utilized. The focus groups would be analyzed based on people’s verbal reactions as well as their attitude and gestures and so will be the In-depth interview which would be a one-to-one interaction with the consumer. However, the answers of the questionnaire would have to be quantified and displayed via graph to display the inclination of the answers.The research methodology used would be ‘Relational’, this is because one factor of the research would be analyzed as to whether it depends on the other o r not. For example, if consumers prefer on-the-go Automated Teller Machine (ATM) Service then is it because of the low savings and high expenditures of the people in the United Kingdom. The relational approach would also help in analyzing and explaining the reason of several factors and demands by the target consumers of the Banks in the United Kingdom.It would be helpful in explaining a lot of consumer preferences and would be better in understanding the logic behind the Human Psyche. Research Strategy The research strategy has several steps which are being followed in the conducted research. It started of with defining a title for the research which was finalized to be stated as ‘How the people choose in U. K which bank to patronize? ’ After that came the step to analyze the background data which would be partially collected via primary sources as well as secondary published sources.The primary sources as mentioned would be the Qualitative Research tools such as the F ocus Groups, Surveys and Interviews while the secondary sources would be the publishes material in the form of either past Researches in the relevant field, articles, journals or magazines. In order to get hold of the relevant sources several catalogs have been searches and the internet has been browsed in order to come up with as authentic and relevant material as possible. Even the internet sources that are being analyzed are the published authentic ones and not just the random material present.After the collection of data, it was critically analyzed to remove all loop holes from the procedures and find reliable material from which the research can take constructive help from in order to make it as productive as possible. The next step of defining the citation style has been done with utmost care keeping the professionalism and the research relevance in mind. Therefore, the citation style used in this research is Harvard style of referencing. The material used in the literature re view and the entire research would be cited in the Harvard style of citation and so would be the in-text citation.The Harvard style has a professional work procedure and cites the work in an appropriate manner for the reader to understand where the work is taken from and along with that helps in giving the original idea provider the due importance by mentioning and recognizing their efforts. The strategy adopted in the process of the research has to be clear and defined in order to follow a research process that has a vivid objective and is able to reach its motives effectively and efficiently. Primary Data and Secondary Data CollectionThe primary data will be collected with the qualitative tools such as the †¢ In-Depth Interview: The one-to-one interviews with the few selected customers who would be questioned in detail and would have the option of answering open ended in order to gather the most data possible and then extract the one relevant. Along with the information the i nterviewee would also be analyzed of his/her gestures and body language. Hence, this would help in providing a deep insight in the consumers mind and preferences.†¢ Focus Group: This would be a method for a group of customers to express their opinion on a platform provided. Several minds when act together would give a clear view of what majority of the customers think. However, there are certain pitfalls to this procedure as well which would be tried and avoided as much as possible. †¢ Questionnaires: These are the only tools in the qualitative method that can be quantified and does not entirely depend on interpretation.The questionnaires would mostly contain close ended questions as the open ended ones would be there in the focus groups as well as the in-depth interviews of the customers. †¢ Surveys: As per this method, the customers in each sector would be randomly surveyed for their opinions and suggestion to improve the Banking service in the country. Hence, all t he above mentioned primary data collected would not only help in devising as to what customers prefer but also would provide with a solution and recommend possible outcomes.The secondary sources would be from published sources. In order to analyze the scenario of Multinational Banks in the United Kingdom, the book by Geoffrey Jones (1993) is used for referencing which present the scenario of international Banks in the United Kingdom’s market. Presenting the scenario it states â€Å"the leaders were five large American Banks which dominated the process of syndicated sovereign loans as they sought to achieve an accelerated growth of their assets. They pursued lending strategies that emphasized wide margins and large volumes of loans.† (Jones, 1993, p. 352). Another book by Francesca Carnevali called as the ‘Europe’s Advantage: Banks and Small Firms in Britain, France, Germany and Italy since 1918’ talks about the importance of small Banks. In the rese arch the customer of small banks would also be a subject therefore this book would be of high importance as its states â€Å"small firms are part of local economies. These can be defined simply and loosely as spaces where most local saving found their way to local financial intermediaries and then back into the local economy† (Carnevali, 2005, pp. 2-3).In order to understand the Human psyche as well as competing for customer the help of a book called ‘Competing for Customers and Capital’ by Victor J. Cook Junior (2006). It talks about the competitive cut-throat environment that today every field has including products as well as services and bridges the gap between the marketing and the finance areas. It is also helpful for those who aspire to be the upper level management as it enables the reader to understand the consumer psyche and the reason behind their preferences. A very important book that is used in the literature as a reference is a book by John R.Weeks called the ‘Unpopular Culture: The Ritual of Complaint in a British Bank’ (2003). It talks about how unsatisfied culture of the employees spreads a negative energy in the entire organization and it effects on the performance of the employees which ultimately affects the customer service and produces unsatisfied customers. Book which talks about the history of the Banking Industry in the United Kingdom and the changing and evolutionary trends is a book by Ronald Myles Fitzmaurice (1975) called ‘British banks and banking: A pictorial history’.In order to understand British banking history and how it dealt with crisis in the past, a book by William Frazer (2000) is used called as ‘Central Banking, Crises, and Global Economy’ which states that â€Å"Governments in crises should not be surprised, however, when aid and coordinated private-sector support packages are extended on condition that problem-causing traditions and practices be changed† (Frazer, 2000, p. 315). Along with that the news article by Steve Pain (2000) indicates the importance of customers in the generation of profits by the banks.Hence, the satisfaction of the customers is of utmost importance and therefore they need to be given special attention to. Their needs and requirements have to be identified in order to be in a better position to provide them with better service which is up to their mark. Some companies or banks even misuse their customers by getting them into trouble so that they force them into calling the call center as â€Å"BANKS and power companies have been accused of making big money out of customers who ring their call centers† (Poulter, 2005, p.6). Hence, there are all kinds of business running around the world and in order to have healthy business one needs to get rid of these unethical tactics. Data Analysis As mentioned above, the data collected through primary means as well as secondary means would be critically analyzed to ensure their importance in the research and to determine whether they are being utilized efficiently or not. However, due recognition would be given to any data that has been extracted from other sources and is not achieved via primary method.The entire data collected would not be used but only the important and highly relevant portions would be selected to gain knowledge from and cite in the original research. The data would relate to the original topic as to what are the criteria of the customers when choosing a Bank in the United Kingdom. Anticipated Limitations Despite the best of efforts there are certain limitations that would be faced by the people conducting the research which are as follows;†¢ Time Constraint: Although there my be a lot of time available but for the research of such magnitude there is no sufficient time as with new time new data arises which can be incorporated as well. So time acts as one of the constraints. †¢ Monetary Constraints: Due to th e status of being students, there are certain financial limitations that have to be abided by, hence acting as constraints as there is not a sufficient or unlimited flow of funds.†¢ Knowledge: Although a lot of background research would be done and plenty of material would be read to make this research as authentic as possible but still there is some knowledge that would be unattained. Hence, that unattained knowledge would act as a constraint for further depth in the research. †¢ Secondary Data: The presence of secondary data regarding the given topic is scarce and hence proper information of several fields cannot be gathered which is a constraint for the production of an excellent research. Ethical ConsiderationsThe first and the foremost consideration as per the ethical boundaries would be the due recognition of the material or data taken from other authors by books, articles and journals. If they are not acknowledged, it would be included as plagiarism rather than help from various outside sources. Apart from that, what needs to be taken care of is that none of the Banks or financial institutions is allegedly claimed for poor performance. In short, there should be no incorrect data; all the data should have a back support to it in order to provide the proof of its authenticity.One thing that is often ignored by the researchers is the pre-developed biasness or prejudice. A personal experience or a past knowledge may lead the researcher to have a pre-conceived notion regarding a certain factor. This makes the entire research to be less authentic as its starts to involve personal opinion rather than rational views. For instance, in this case the researcher might have had a bad past experience with a bank and may prolong that biasness into the research making it less objective.Hence, in order for the research to be carried out in an ethical manner, all these ethical concerns have to be taken into account. Otherwise all the effort done by the research er may result to be void. Conclusion The following research would be carried out with the Harvard style citation and the methodology would be ‘qualitative interpretive’ method. The primary sources of data would be the qualitative tools which include In-Depth Interviews, Surveys, Questionnaire and Focus group.The ethical constraints would be followed to make sure that the research is highly objective without the involvement of any plagiarism, incorrect information or personal biasness or prejudice. Hence, the research would follow all the pre-determined set patterns of following a research with a research theory and methodology. Although there are slight constraints which would act as a hurdle in the way but it would be made sure that it doesn’t have a drastic impact on the research.The hypothesis of the research would conclude as to what are the primary, secondary and involuntary (hidden) reasons for customers to choose a particular Bank in the United Kingdom. Bi bliography Jones, G. (1993). British Multinational Banking 1830-1990. Oxford University Press. ISBN 019820602X. Carnevali, F. (2005). Europe’s Advantage: Banks and Small Firms in Britain, France, Germany and Italy since 1918. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0199257396. Cook, V. (2006). Competing for Customers and Capital. South-Western Educational Pub. First Edition. ISBN-10: 0324405979.ISBN-13: 978-0324405972. United States of America. Crawfordsville. Weeks, J. R. (2003). Unpopular Culture: The Ritual of Complaint in a British Bank. University Of Chicago Press. ISBN-10: 0226878120. ISBN-13: 978-0226878126. United States of America. Fitzmaurice, R. M. (1975). British banks and banking: A pictorial history. Barton. ISBN-10: 0851531547. ISBN-13: 978-0851531540. Frazer, W. (2000). Central Banking, Crises, and Global Economy. Praeger Publishers. Westport, CT, London, United Kingdom. Pain, S. (2000). Customers Co-operate in Bank's Profits Boost. The Birmingham Post. 19.